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计算机英语：DOS命令

DOS Commands

DOS has two types of commands：internal commands and external commands．Internal commands are the simplest, most commonly used commands．When you list the directory on your DOS disk, you cannot see these commands because they are part of anile named COMMAND. COM．When you type internal commands, DOS performs them immediately. This is because they were loaded into your computer's memory when you started DOS．Following is a list of the DOS internal commands： BREAK DEL MKDIR DIR PATH

SHIFT CHDIR ECHO PAUSE TIME

CLS EXIT PROMPT TYPE COPY

REM SET VERIFY REN DATE

RMDIR VOL VER FOR GOTO

　Any filename with an extension of.COM，.EXE or.BAT is considered an external command. For example, files such as FORMAT.EXE and DISKCOPY．EXE are external commands．And be-cause all external commands are also files, you can create new commands and add them to DOS．Pro-grams that you create either most languages(including assembly language) will be ．EXE(executable) files．Note, however, that when you use an external command, you do not need to type its filename extension.

NOTE： If you have more than one external commands with the same names, DOS will run only one of them, according to the following order of precedence：.COM,.EXE,.BAT. To illustrate this precedence, suppose your disk contains the files FORMAT.EXE and FORMAT BAT If you were to type the external command FORMAT, DOS would always run the programFORMAT.EXE first, and not run the FORM Abbatial at all．

The following are external commands：

APPEND FDISK RECOVER ASSIGN FIMD

REPLACE ATTRIB FORMAT RESTORE BACKUP

SELECT CHKDSK GPAPHICS SHARE COMMAND

COMP SUBST DISKCOMP JOIN SORT

LABEL SYS DISKCOMP MKDE TREE

MORE XCOPY FASTOPEN PRINT

翻译：

DOS命令

DOS有两类命令：内部命令和外部命令。内部命令是最常用最简单的命令。在列出DOS盘上的目录时，你看不到这些命令，因为它们是COMMAND.COM文件的一部分。当你送入内部命令时，DOS立即执行它们。这是因为在你启动DOS时它们已被装入了你的计算机内存中。下面列出了DOS的内部命令： 任何带COM，.EXE，或.BAT扩展名的文件都被看成是外部命令。 例如：FORMAT.EXE和DISKCOPY . EXE这些文件都是外部命令。由于所有的外部命令也都是文件，你司 以建立新的命令并把它们添加进DOS你用大多数语言（包括汇编语言）建立的程序都将是EXE可执行文件。然而，要注意当你使用一 条外部命令时，不必输入其文件扩展名。 注意：如果你有不止一个同名 的外部命令，DOS只执行其中的一个。遵照下面的优先叫序．COM，.EXE，．BAT.

现举例说明这个优先顺序，假 定你的磁盘上有FORMAT.EXE和FORMAT.BAT文件。若你送入外部 命令FORMAT，DOS总是首先执 行FORMAT. EXE程序而根本不执行FORMAT.BAT文件。 　　下面是外部命令：