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2008职称英语考前每日一练周末版［理工类第70期］
2008.03.23
第1部分：词汇选项 （第三1～15题，第题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 Have you talked to her lately?
A lastly B finally
C shortly D recently
2 While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.
A Whoever B Where
C Although D Whatever
3 Enormous sums of money have been spent on, space exploration.
A Much B Large
C Small D Fixed
4 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer
A every year B severely
C actively D every month
5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident
A secrets B details
C benefits D words
6 We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.
A effect B account
C effort D discount
7 There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.
A small B total
C good D great
8 The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.
A showed B suggested
C agreed D believed
9 Mary has blended the ingredients.
A made B mixed
C cooked D eaten
10 They agreed to modify their policy.
A clarify B define
C change D develop
11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A take out B break off
C push in, D dig up
12 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September
A play B show
C send D tell
13 This table is strong and durable
A long-lasting B extensive
C far-reaching D eternal
14 He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A fired B resigned
C died D retreated
15 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror. A smiling B laughing C shouting D staring
第2部分：阅读判断 （16～22题，第题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. "1 stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared," Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees, fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.
Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. "1 knew something was wrong," she said. "1 saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection."
The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.
Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.
"This was a really intense storm," said Snyder. "People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed."
16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 George Snyder was a firefighter.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Several people were missing during the storm.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23～30题，第题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选取项中为第2～5段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题材要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process-not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速动转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the" plan "an economic crime", and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter---except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
23 Paragraph 1 .
24 Paragraph 2 .
25 Paragraph 3 .
26 Paragraph 4 .
A Ford's Followers
B The Assembly Line
C Ford's Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford's Biggest Contribution
F Ford's Great Talent
27 The assembly line made it possible to .
28 Ford was the first to adopt .
29 Higher wages enabled many people to .
30 Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly .
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
C own a car
D produce cars in large numbers
E the 8-hour-shift practice
F combined technology and market
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇幅短文后有5道题，每题材后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择一个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal (不平等的) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added.
"In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis," the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care."
The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role. "The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts," the organization said in a statement.
But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.
"Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率)," said the report.
31 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than
A people in other countries.
B white Americans.
C all other Americans.
D their ancestors.
32 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?
A Unequal access to medical care.
B Greater probability of having other diseases,
C Differences in the biology of the cancer.
D Early diagnosis.
33 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected
A in an early stage.
B in a late stage.
C all of a sudden.
D together with other diseases.
34 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with
A death rates.
B various cancers.
C unfair social differences.
D biological differences.
35 Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans
A have been going up and down.
B have remained stable.
C have increased.
D have fallen.
第二篇 Crystal Ear
One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. "He certainly does," replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if rd ever thought about getting a hearing aid. "No way," I said. "It would make me look 20 years older. No, no," she replied. "This is entirely different. It's Crystal Ear!"
Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different-not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, but an advanced personal sound system so small that it's like contacts (隐形眼镜) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure and natural.
I couldn't believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold (形状) fits comfortably. Since it's not too loud or too tight, you may even forget that you're wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it.
Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout one's lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the world's number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the "sound solution" is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off (下降), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier (放大器).
36 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because
A it would make him look old.
B it would make him nervous.
C it was too expensive.
D it was old-styled.
37 Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear?
A It is highly sensitive.
B It is powerful.
C It is invisible.
D It is wireless.
38 One special feature of Crystal Ear is that
A you can control its volume.
B you needn't take it off every day.
C it is solar-powered.
D it saves power.
39 According to the passage, hearing loss is
A only a minor health problem.
B the world's most common health problem
C merely a teenage disease.
D an incurable disease.
40 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because
A it is not serious.
B Crystal Ear is not yet available.
C it is not easy to have it treated.
D they don't want to look old.
第三篇 Technology Transfer In Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create- sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this-debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,. the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
41 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer.
B Good management.
C Hard work.
D Fierce competition.
42 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free.
B It is profit-driven.
C It is widely available.
D It is curiosity-driven.
43 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A Asia.
B USA.
C Europe.
D Africa.
44 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940.
B Last year.
C After the unification.
D In 1949.
45 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A "experts".
B "scientists".
C "scholars".
D "special knowledge".
第5部分：补全短文 （第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Conservation or Wasted Effort?
The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten.(46)
Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin.(47) The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备 with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand.
Is all this concern a waste of human effort?(48) Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?
In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have e~volved, risen to a degree of success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time.(49) This is nature's proven method of operation.
The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most.(50) You ay take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out.
Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it. A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (经……长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable. B Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. D Both represent orders in the classification of life. E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? F These are the only black robins left in the world
第6部分：完形填空中楼阁 （第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Unpopular Subjects?
Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities? Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter(51) Nature that "Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects-(52) they don't, who will?" He went on to use the(53) of Maxwell's electrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a "useless subject" has been transformed to a useful subject.
Nowadays this argument is again very much(54) in many universities. Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be(55) anew (重新) by each generation. But now there is an added twist (歪曲)--subjects must not only be useful, they must also be(56) enough that students will flock (蜂拥) to do them, and even flock to pay to do them.
As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to(57) subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps this is most strongly(58) at the moment by physics. There has been much(59) in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.
Many scientists think otherwise. They see physics as a(60) science, which must be kept alive if only to(61) a base for other sciences and engineering. It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under(62) in many universities. How can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition? A major turnaround (转变) in student popularity may have to(63) until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well. Physics is now not only unpopular; it is also "hard". We can do more about the latter by(64) teaching in our schools and universities. We can also(65) cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.
51 A about B of C to D on
52 A if B as C because D since
53 A question B example C design D device
54 A powerful B terrible C difficult D active
55 A fought B weighted C respected D selected
56 A clear B popular C indefinite D available
57 A choose B strengthen C eliminate D identify
58 A recommended B opposed C suspected D felt
59 A discussion B fancy C evidence D influence
60 A precise B noble C new D fundamental
61 A install B provide C reach D cover
62 A agreement B construction C threat D consideration
63 A wait B move C progress D increase
64 A running B improving C learning D dropping
65 A fix B modify C review D develop
 答案见二楼
[ 本帖最后由 liangfei198519@for68.com 于 2008-3-22 18:25 编辑 ]
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