[讨论]网校复习专区之考研英语讨论区

[b][color=red]考研英语阅读文章绝大多数来自英、美国家的报刊杂志，并且以面向大众的社科类和科普类刊物为主。历年考研英语阅读文章的类型也大致分为以下这几类：经济类文章、科学技术类文章、社会生活以及文化类文章。[url=http://kaoyan.chinaacc.com/kaoyan/index.htm][color=blue]考研网校[/color][/url]辅导专家在编写英语复习专区时，本着尽可能贴近考试的原则，精心挑选符合考查要求的阅读文章，帮助考生们有针对性地进行复习，从而提高英语阅读能力，在考试中取得优异的成绩。[/color][/b]

[color=red]第一期：21世纪合格人才7大技能[/color]
                              SEVEN SKILLS FOR QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN 21ST CENTURY

　　Technical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems――from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.

　　Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input,then use that knowledge,understanding,and perspective to guide organization into future,will be vital.

　　Numbers and measurement will be important,of course,but smoothing the flow form month to month,from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today''s obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.

　　Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something：resources,workflow,marketing mix,financial opportunities,and much more,all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.

　　Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future,the most-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today,especially inside the organization.

　　Communication skills――careful listening,clear writing,close reading,plain speaking,and accurate description――will be invaluable. In tomorrow''s fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.

　　Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance――empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate,but many people enhance their ability to learn――and to relate different aspects of learning――through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow''s leaders.

　　The top employees of the coming century will be flexible,creative and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance,growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires；otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization''s work.

　　[b]译文：[/b]

21世纪合格人材必备7大技能

　　1.技术专长与创新能力――将更加重要。今后将越来越需要在计算机、产品推销和管道工程等方面既懂理论又有实践经验的人。

　　2.想像能力――将是一种需要。这种能力至关重要，它可收集和获取广泛而大量的知识信息，并对其中一些知识、思维方法及观察视角加以借鉴，以便引导公司走向未来。

　　3.数字与计算――固然很重要，但是保证月与月之间的衔接、部门与部门的配合都顺利通畅将是实现长期高效运作的关键所在。实际上，每个公司都必须改变那种只做下一个财政年度计划的错误观念。

　　4.组织能力――在未来的公司的运作中无疑是十分重要的。无论到哪儿，组织工作都是必不可少的，如调拨财力物力、设置工作流程、制定市场营销战略、寻找赢利机会等等，所有这些都需要高水平的组织与改组能力。

　　5.说服能力――将以各种方式在未来公司中发挥作用。工作最有成效的员工将是那些懂得如何表达信息和思想以便能够得到别人理解与支持的人，出色的游说能力在未来更多的人际交往中将是必不可少的，特别是在公司内部。

　　6.交流能力――听得认真、写得明白、看得仔细、说得清楚、叙述准确――将具有无可估量的价值。在未来快节奏的工作环境中，人们惜时如金，容不得半，点疏漏。交流障碍很可能成为未来公司致命的问题。

　　7.学习能力――将在上述各种能力中占据最重要的地位，因为它使人能够提高工作效率，帮助自己的公司达到预期目的。这种能力一部分来自个人夭赋，当然也有不少人通过接受高等教育提高自己的气习能力和各种知识的融会贯通能力。我们认为，大学文科教育积累的经验将证明是对明天的领导者们最有价值的教育形式。

　　21世纪最出色的公司雇员将富有灵活性和创造性，并有志于做出不同凡响的创举。他们将在事业和家庭两方面寻求平衡、发展与完善。未来的公司必须对雇员必备技能加以考核，否则，公司的发展就会因工作中缺乏合格人才而受限制。

　　[b]重点单词:[/b]

　　Visionary　想像的

　　Ability to organize　组织能力

　　Persuasive skills　说服能力

　　close reading　看得仔细

　　plain speaking　说得清楚

　　invaluable　无可估量的

　　flexible　灵活性

　　creative　创造性

　　hampered　限制

　　qualified　合格的

[b][color=red]第二期：生物与环境平衡的危机[/color][/b]

　　The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.

　　During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms,passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. “Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation，” as a scientist has said.

　　It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.

　　The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man’s inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.

　　To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations. And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream； almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as “pests.”

　　[b]译文：[/b]

　　地球上生命的历史一直就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的。考虑到地球上生命存在的整个时间，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。只有在当前这个世纪（指20世纪）才有一个物种――人类，获得了强大的力量，改变了其所生存的世界的自然状态。

　　在过去的1/4世纪中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危险甚至致命物质，而当今这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，改变着地球的自然状态，也就是改变着地球上生命的自然状态。喷洒到农田、森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并彼此相传，形成了一个中毒与死亡的链条。化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以新的形式出现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯净的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科学家所言：“人类甚至对自己创造的恶魔都不认识。”

　　地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命。经过了一定时间――不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间――生命开始适应环境，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。但是在现代世界中，时间这一因素已经没有了。

　　环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。化学制品则是人类有发明创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，在自然界本无相应的东西。

　　为了适应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。而即使这样，就算出现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，因为新的化学制品从我们的实验室中源源不断地涌出。仅在美国，每年就有大约500种化学制品投入使用，其中许多是用于人类对自然的战争中。从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经创造了200多种基本化学制品用来消灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的“有害生物”。

　　[b]重点词汇:[/b]

　　1、character（人的）品质，性格；（事物的）性质、特性；

　　例句：He has a changeable character.

　　他性格多变。

　　2、assault攻击，袭击

　　例句：They made a strong assault on the town.

　　他们猛烈攻击这个镇子。

　　3、spray浪花，水花，喷液

　　例句：Did you bring along some insect spray？

　　你带来杀虫剂了吗？

　　4、impetuous性急的，鲁莽的，

　　例句：It was impetuous of her to do that.

　　她竟做那种事，真是鲁莽。

　　5、deliberate不慌不忙的，从容的

　　例句：He is delibertate in his speech.

　　他说话从容不迫。

　　4、5两词的词义可从上下文中体会出来

　　The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.

　　可见由than相连，必然是两个反义词。

　　6、futile无益的，无效的，无希望的

　　例句：His efforts to save the business were futile.

　　他挽救公司的努力未能奏效。　　

　[color=red]声明：该篇文章为原创文章。如需转载，请务必注明出处“考研教育网”。否则，必将追究其法律责任！

自己的专题自己顶！

[color=Red]英语专题第三期　[/color]
  The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term computer virus is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P－1written by Thomas J. Ryan,published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However,computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.

　　Once attached to the host Program,the viruses then look for other programs to infect.In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point,determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations,including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file,the security privilege level of the user,and the number of times a file is used. Likewise,the mode of attack varies. So－called benign viruses might simply display a message,like the one that infected IBM''s main computer system last Christmas with a season''s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete flies, or to format the hard disk.

　　What Kind of Viruses Are There？There are two main types of viruses：shell,intrusive. Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and don''t modify the original program. Shell programs are easy to write,which is why about half of viruses are of this type. Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of themselves into the host program. Intrusive viruses are hard to write and very difficult to remove without damaging the host file.

　　参考译文：

　　计算机病毒是八十年代计算机飞速发展带来的结果，计算机病毒这一名词起因于在计算机上传染的有害程序与生物学中病毒的相似性，该名词起源于1977年出版的、由Thomas J. Ryan写的一本美国科幻小说《p-1的青春》。人体病毒入侵活的细胞后，就把它转变成制造病毒的工厂。而计算机病毒是一些小程序，它们把自己的一个副本附加到另一个程序上面进行复制。

　　病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上，就开始寻找其他可以进行“感染”的程序。这样，病毒就很快地布满整个硬盘，如果病毒感染了一个局域网或者一个多用户系统，那么就在整个组织内进行扩散。只有在某个点上病毒程序才会发作（这是由病毒程序的设计所决定的）。攻击的时间与多种情况有关，包括：某个时间或日期、特定用户识别符的出现、用户的安全保密等级和一个文件使用的次数。同样，攻击的方式也是各种各样的。所谓的“良性”病毒可能只是简单地显示一个消息，如在去年圣诞节时，受感染的IBM公司的主要计算机系统显示节日问候。恶性病毒被设计出来破坏系统。常见的攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。

　　病毒的种类有哪些？主要有两种病毒：shell病毒和instrusive病毒。Shell病毒把自己盘绕在主程序周围，它并不修改原程序。这种病毒容易复制，因此它的数量占了所有病毒的一半。Instrusive病毒入侵现有程序并且把自己的一部分插入主程序。这种病毒不易复制，但是很难在不损伤主程序的情况下被删除。

　　重点单词：

　　1、virus　病毒

　　2、outcome　结果

　　例句：I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.

　　我认为这件事只能有一种结局。

　　3、program 　[电脑]程序

　　4、replicate　复制，折叠，复制品

　　5、host 　[电脑]主机

　　6、at some point　某时，某种情况下

　　7、so-called　所谓的

　　8、malignant　邪恶的，极有害的

　　9、data　数据

　　10、wipe out　消灭；彻底摧毁

　　例句：They have wipe out the enemy‘s major military target.

　　他们已经彻底摧毁了敌人的主要军事目标。

　　句型分析：

　　1、The cause（of the term “computer virus”）is the likeness（between the biological virus and the evil program [infected with computers].）

　　2、The timing（of the attack）can be linked to a number（of situations），including [1]a certain time or date，[2]the presence of a particular file，[3]the security privilege level of the user，[4]and the number of times a file is used.

　　[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]是在including下的并列短句。

这个专题在哪个网页呀？

考研网首页复习专区里，都是我找来后加工的。

考研英语的短语词组或者近义词的辨析,能否总结下?我觉得这个有意义

呵呵，还是先阅读吧。那些短语、近义词都要放到具体语境当中才有用。

这可是在下呕心沥血的力作呀！还不顶等什么？

[color=Red]英语原创专题第4期：使用网络可能有损心理健康[/color]


Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

　　Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently,the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

　　Researchers are puzzling over the results,which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

　　The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being,researchers hypothesized. Faceless,bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation,and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

　　But it's important to remember this is not about the technology;it's about how it is used, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel,one of the study's sponsors. It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.

　　参考译文：

　　根据卡内基麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。

　　两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。

　　研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，和看电视相比，从社交角度来说，上网可能更健康一些因为网络允许使用者选择自己需要的信息并且和别人进行交流。

　　研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况下降的原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。

　　“然而，重要的是不要忘记这与技术本身是无关的，问题在于如何使用因特网。”这项研究的发起人之一、心理学家、英特尔公司的克里斯廷。赖利说，“这的确表明在考虑从技术上如何设计应用和服务时有必要把社会因素考虑进去。

　　重点单词：

　　1、available　可利用的，可支配的；

　　例句：The swimming pool is available only in summer.

　　这个游泳池只在夏天开放。

　　2、contrary to　与……相反

　　例句：What you are doing now is contrary to the docotor‘s advice.

　　3、hypothesize　假设，假定；

　　4、virtual 　[电脑]虚拟的，虚的；对于这个词可以结合上下文理解，

　　Faceless，bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation，and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.

　　文中virtual communication对应着后面的actual conversation，又有than，可以想到这是两个对应的反义词。

　　5、actual　现实的；

　　6、exposure to　暴露，（文中引申为了解）

　　例句：The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.　油漆因受雨淋而剥落。

　　7、sponsor　发起者，主办者，赞助者

我确实觉得很好

[color=Red]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习五:Is GE food Safe To Eat　[/color]

    Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally.For example,disease－resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high－yield wheat to combine these properties.This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.

　　Genetic engineering（GE）involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species, e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes.It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene,even when it is in maize DNA,will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem――adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow――but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross－eyed,which was entirely unpredictable.

　　It will be obvious,for example,that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA――but what side－effect would it have?In other words,is GE food safe to eat?The answer is that nobody knows because long－term tests have not been carried out.

　　Companies wanting a GE product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests.Monsanto's soya beans were apparently fed to fish for 10 weeks before being approved.There was no requirement for independent testing,for long－term testing,for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.

　　The current position of the UK Government is thatThere is no evidence of long－term dangers from GE foods.In the US,the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GE foods.

　　翻译：

转基因食物是否安全

　　传统的植物培育方法，是依照植物自然杂交的方式，进行相同物种的人工杂交。比如，抗病小麦同高产小麦杂交，形成了一种具有双重特性的新的小麦品种。这种自然的基因交换既安全，又具有相当的可预见性。

　　基因工程是在彼此毫无关系的物种之间，相互交换在自然条件下无法交换的基因。它可在有巨大差异的物种之间进行基因交换。比如，将蝎子毒素基因注入玉米，或者将鱼防冻基因注入西红柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蝎子毒素基因依然可能获得有机组织产生蝎子毒素。但是在这种异质的环境中，这种基因产品会有什么其他作用吗？我们实际上已经发现这个问题：将人类生长荷尔蒙基因植入猪的体内，一定会使猪的生长加速，但是同时也使猪患上了关节炎和内斜视，而这一切是完全无法预测的。

　　打个比方，人类的智力基因显而易见在人体DNA内和注入卷心菜DNA后的作用是不同的。但将它植入卷心菜中会产生什么样的副作用呢？换句话说，食用转基因食品安全吗？没有人知道答案，因为人们尚未进行长期的测试。

　　在英国或者美国，一个公司如果希望其转基因产品获得批准，它必须向管理机构提供本公司转基因产品安全测试的结果。Monsanto的大豆在获得批准之前，曾用了10周时间进行喂鱼试验。目前，尚无要求对转基因产品进行独立测试、长期测试、人体测试，或者就其对儿童及过敏者所造成的特定危险进行测试。

　　英国政府目前的态度是：“尚无证据表明食用转基因食品存在长期性的危险。”在美国，人们正在起诉美国食品药品管理局掩盖转基因食品安全性的研究结果，这些研究结果表明，食用转基因食品可能导致危险。

　　重点单词：

　　1、breeding　生育，繁殖，培植

　　2、resistant　抵抗的、防……的；

　　3、yield　出产，结出，被迫放弃

　　例句：These apple trees yield plenty of fruit this year.

　　这些苹果树今年结了许多苹果。

　　例句：He was forced to yield the castle.

　　他被迫放弃城堡。

　　4、property　特性，属性

　　例句：He is studying the medicinal properties of wild plants.

　　他正在研究野生植物的药物特性。

　　5、scorpion　蝎子

　　6、toxin　毒素

　　7、alien　外国的，性质不相容的；

　　例句：Her behavior is alien to our ethical values.

　　她的行为和我们的伦理标准格格不入。

　　8、side-effect　副作用

这英文水平是忽忽地往上长呀。

[color=Red]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习六:机器人自我复制不再是梦[/color]

Scientists at the Cornell University in Ithaca, New York have created small robots that can build copies of themselves. Self-replicating robots are no longer the stuff of science fiction.

　　Each robot consists of several 10 cm cubes which have identical machinery, electromagnets to attach and detach to each other and a computer program for replication. The robots can bend and pick up and stack the cubes.

　　Although the machines we have created are still simple compared with biological self-reproduction, they demonstrate that mechanical self-reproduction is possible and not unique to biology, Hod Lipson said in a report in the science journal Nature on Wednesday.

　　He and his team believe the design principle could be used to make long term, self-repairing robots that could mend themselves and be used in hazardous Scientists at the Cornell University in Ithaca, New York have created small robots that can build copies of themselves. Self-replicating robots are no longer the stuff of science fiction.

　　The experimental robots, which don''t do anything else except make copies of themselves, are powered through contacts on the surface of the table and transfer data through their faces. They self-replicate by using additional modules placed in special feeding locations.

　　The machines duplicate themselves by bending over and putting their top cube on the table. Then they bend again, pick up another cube, put it on top of the first and repeat the entire process. As the new robot begins to take shape it helps to build itself.

　　The four-module robot was able to construct a replica in 2.5 minutes by lifting and assembling cubes from the feeding locations, said Lipson.

　　一、全文翻译

　　据路透社报道，位于纽约伊萨卡的康奈尔大学的科学家研制出能够自我复制的小型机器人。自此，可自我复制的机器人不再是科幻小说中才会有的情节素材。

　　每个机器人都由多个10cm大小的立方体组成。这些立方体具有同一的部件、互相连接或分离的电磁石和计算机复制程序。这些机器人可以对立方体进行变形、选择、叠加等操作。

　　“与生物学上的自我复制相比，我们所研制的机器尚非常简单。但这证明了自我复制并不是生物学上的特有性能，机械的自我复制也是可能的。”本周三Hod Lipson在科学期刊《自然》上的一篇报告中说到。

　　他和他的研究小组相信，该设计原理可用于制造长期的可自我修复的机器人。这种机器人可以进行自我调整，可应用于危险环境下和太空飞行中。

　　这种实验性机器人通过与工作台表面的接触而获得能量，通过面部来传递数据。它们只进行自我复制，不进行任何其他操作。这种自我复制是由置于专门的“供给区”的附加模组实现的。一个四模组机器人在2.5分钟内即可完成对从“供给区”选取出的立方体的重新组合，实现一次复制。

　　二、单词解析

　　1、stuff　材料、原料

　　2、identical　同一的，完全相同的；

　　例句：She wore the identical dress on both occasions.

　　她在两个场合穿同一套衣服。

　　3、replicate　折叠、复制

　　4、unique　唯一的，独一无二

　　例句：The custom is unique to the region.

　　这种风俗是这一地区特有的。

　　5、hazardous　有危险的，冒险的

　　例句：That was a hazardous journey.

　　那是个危险的旅程。

　　6、duplicate （1）adj.完全一样的，复制的；（2）v.复制，重复；

　　例句：He opened the door with a duplicate key.

　　他用一把复制的钥匙开门。

　　All the members received duplicated notices of the meeting.

　　所有会员都接到了同样的会议通知。

　　三、句型分析

　　The experimental robots，（which don‘t do anything else except make copies of themselves，）are powered [（through contacts on the surface of the table）and（transfer data through their faces.）]

就是没人顶？

[color=Red]英语专题第7期：用人脑控制电脑[/color]

Four people were able to control a computer using their thoughts and an electrode-studded thinking cap, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

　　They said their set-up could someday be adapted to help disabled people operate a motorized wheelchair or artificial limb.

　　While experiments have allowed a monkey to control a computer with its thoughts, electrodes were implanted into the animal''s brain. This experiment, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, required no surgery and no implants.

　　The results show that people can learn to use scalp-recorded electroencephalogram rhythms to control rapid and accurate movement of a cursor in two dimensions, Jonathan Wolpaw and Dennis McFarland of the New York State Department of Health and State University of New York in Albany wrote.

　　They tested their device on four people ―― two partly paralyzed men who used wheelchairs and a healthy man and woman.

　　The key was a special computer algorithm ―― a program that translated the brain signals into a meaningful directive of what the users wanted the computer to do.

　　The impressive noninvasive multidimensional control achieved in the present study suggests that a noninvasive brain control interface could support clinically useful operation of a robotic arm, a motorized wheelchair, the researchers wrote.

　　The two disabled men were better at the task, the researchers found. This could have to do with stronger motivation or perhaps a brain forced to be more adaptable to cope with the injuries that left the men disabled, the researchers said.

　　一、全文翻译

　　美国日前公布了的一项试验研究成果：4个试验者戴上布满电极的“思考帽子”后，可以运用他们的思想来直接控制电脑。

　　据路透社12月6日报道，当日参与这项试验的研究人员对外发布了这项试验结果。他们说，试验中的这种装置日后将会投入应用，以帮助残疾人驾驶机动轮椅和操纵假肢。

　　在此之前，早已有研究人员做过试验：通过在猴脑里植入的电极而让猴子操纵电脑。但是，现在进行的这项试验却不需要任何手术，也不需要在大脑里植入任何东西。这项研究成果发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

　　报道说，研究人员对两位使用轮椅的局部残疾人和两位健康人进行了试验，这4个人都是志愿参与试验的。研究人员让这4个人头戴含64个电极的帽子坐在一个电视屏幕前，电极帽子将记录下他们大脑的活动。

　　参与这项研究的纽约州立大学的丹尼斯?麦克法兰和纽约州政府卫生部的乔纳森?沃尔波在研究报告中说：“试验结果表明，人们能通过头皮记录的脑电图来同时控制电脑光标的速度和光标的准确移动。”他们解释说，这个试验的关键在于一个特殊的电脑运算法则，也就是一个电脑程序。这个程序能将人大脑发出的信号翻译成有实际意义的指令，这个指令会要求电脑去完成人们所希望它做的事情。

　　目前的这种令人印象深刻的非侵入的多维控制研究显示，非侵入大脑控制接口可以支持机器人的手术操作、操控机械车轮。

　　研究人员发现，两位残疾人对试验的反应要好于两位健康人，这可能是由于残疾人有更强烈的完成试验的愿望，或者由于他们的大脑已经习惯于去应付自身的残疾，因而更为敏感。

　　二、单词

　　1、operate　做出、操作

　　Who operates that machine？

　　那台机器由谁操作？

　　The machine is not operating properly.

　　机器运转得不正常。

　　2、artificial　人工的、人造的、假的；矫揉造作的；

　　The room was decorated with artificial flowers.

　　屋子里有假花装饰。

　　Her artificial manner made me sick.

　　她那装腔作势的样子令我恶心。

　　3、accurate　准确的；

　　His information was accurate.

　　他的情报准确。

　　4、cursor　屏幕上的光标；

　　5、dimension　尺寸；面积、大小；[数学]维；

　　What are the dimensions of the box？

　　这个盒子的尺寸多大？

　　Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

　　时间有时被称为第四维。

　　6、paralyze （v.）使瘫痪；使麻痹；

　　A general strike paralyzed the coal industry.

　　总罢工使煤矿工业陷于瘫痪。

　　7、algorithm　算法，规则系统；

　　8、interface　界面、[电脑]接口；

　　三、句型分析

　　This could have to do with（stronger motivation or perhaps a brain [forced to be more adaptable to cope with the injuries that left the men disabled，]）the researchers said.

考研网为何无会计硕士辅导

楼主不容易,我顶!顶!!顶!!顶顶顶!!!!!

楼主不容易,我顶!顶!!顶顶顶!!!!!

[color=red]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习八:多媒体到底意味着什么[/color]


　　Literally,multimedia means two or more media.If the publisher of this book wanted to join the current hype about multimedia,he could advertise the book as using multimedia technology.After all,it contains two media:text and graphics（the figures）.Nevertheless,when most people refer to multimedia,they generally mean the combination of two or more continuous media,that is,media have to be played during some well-defined timed times interval,usually with the users interaction.In practice, the two media are normally audio and video,that is,sound plus moving pictures.

　　In the multimedia environment,we have graphics and text at the same time,we can also add the photograph,animation,good-quality sound,and full motion video.All of the technologies make computers more interesting and much easier to use.For example,a multimedia program can play a segment of movie：a cat was playing a reel of thread,with mewing… The tableau can a be immediately captured and pasted to a text at the side of a paragraph of words.

　　CD－ROM

　　CD－ROM is an optical technology that is used to make compact disks for CD stereo systems;it has now been adapted to store data for computers.CD disk is an optical disc,on which data is recorded as a set of dips in the surface.When a laser beam shines across the dips,the reflected distortion represents the data.Optical disc has a 600 megabyte capacity and are well suited for the computer applications needing the vast storage.The playback effect of optical discs for music is very perfect,no hiss and crackle as with other photo-records.A computer system must have a CD driver that is designed to read the disks and translate the data into a form it can process.CD disks can store huge volumes of data and are very useful for reference material an encyclopedia,for example.However,as the name（read-only memory）implies,CD disks cannot be written on or changed in any way.

　　[b]一、全文翻译[/b]

　　“多媒体”到底意味着什么？

　　从字面上看，多媒体是指两种或两种以上媒体。如果本书的出版者想加入当前多媒体广告的行列，那么，他就可以声称这本书已经使用了多媒体技术。因为，毕竟，它包含两种媒体，文本和图形（插图）。然而，当大多数人谈及多媒体时，他们通常是指混合了两种或两种以上连续的媒体，即，媒体可以在一段规定的时间之内连续播放，并且通常伴随着与用户的交互。实际上，这两种媒体通常指音频和视频，即声音加移动的图片。

　　在多媒体环境中，我们可以同时拥有图形和文本，也可以增加图片、动画、高质量的音响和全动录像，这些技术使得计算机使用起来更有趣也更容易。例如，一个多媒体程序可以播放一段电影：一只小猫正在玩线团，发出“喵喵”的声音……，这个画面可以立即剪贴到一段文字旁边。

　　CD-ROM

　　CD－ROM原是一种用于制作CD立体声系统的小型圆盘的光学技术，现在它已经被用来为计算机储藏数据。CD盘是一种光盘，其数据以一组坑的形式记录在光盘表面上，当激光束扫过这些坑的时候，返回的失真程度就代表了这些数据。光盘有600兆字节的容量，非常适合需要大存储量的计算机应用。音乐光盘播放音乐的效果非常完美，没有像用其他唱片那样的嘶嘶声和噼啪声。计算机系统必须配备一个CD驱动器用来读取光盘并将数据转换到计算机能够处理的形式。CD盘可以储存大量数据，这对于文献资料的存储非常有用，如存储一部百科全书。然而，正如其名字（只读存储器）所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

　　[b]二、单词[/b]

　　1、literally　逐字地、照字面地

　　translate a passage literally　逐字直译一篇文章；

　　2、interval　间隔、距离

　　The interval between the two posts measures thirty meters.

　　那两根柱子间距30米。

　　3、audio　听觉的、声音的；

　　4、video（n）　录象，电视，录象机；（a）电视的，录象的；

　　5、animation　动画片；

　　6、segment　部分；部门；

　　The company dominates this segment of the market.

　　该公司控制了这一部分市场。

　　7、tableau　如画的描写，动人的场面；

　　8、optical　眼睛的、视力的、光学的；

　　9、laser　激光；

　　[b]三、句型分析[/b]

　　Nevertheless，[when most people refer to multimedia，] they generally mean the combination of two or more continuous media，（that is，media have to be played during some well-defined timed times interval，[usually with the users interaction.]）

　　[b][color=red]声明：该篇文章为原创文章。如需转载，请务必注明出处“考研教育网”。否则，必将追究其法律责任！[/color][/b]

专题在哪儿？网址？
确实很好

[b][color=red]回复：[url=http://www.cnedu.cn][color=blue]首页[/color][/url]第一屏中间就有。
更多内容，请点击查看“[url=http://www.cnedu.cn/news/2006/6/ta1754394625196600214896.html][color=blue]往期回顾[/color][/url] ”。[/color]

[color=red]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习九:Why texting harms your IQ[/color]

[b]Why texting harms your IQ[/b]


　　The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana.

　　That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to ten points off the user''s IQ.

　　This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavourably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labelled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as infomania。

　　Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is also equivalent to a wakeful night.

　　Infomania is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men, the study commissioned by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded.

　　The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of always on technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.

　　Workers lose productivity by interrupting a business meeting and disrupt social gatherings because of their infirmity, the report said.

　　The brain also finds it hard to cope with juggling lots of tasks at once, reducing its overall effectiveness, it added. And while modern technology can have huge benefits, excessive use can be damaging not only to a person''s mind, but to their social life.

　　Furthermore, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. Yet one in three Britons believes that it is not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.

　　The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a University of London psychologist, as part of the research project. This is a very real and widespread phenomenon, he said. We have found that infomania, if unchecked, will damage a worker''s performance by reducing their mental sharpness. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.

　　[b]一、参考译文：[/b]

　　警惕：短信电邮会降低智商

　　经常收发短信和e-mail会降低人的智商。这种损害比吸食大麻对智商带来的损害要高两倍多。

　　心理学家发现，使用手机或敲击电脑键盘发送或接收电子信息会暂时降低使用者约十个百分点的智商。

　　根据英国研究人员的研究，吸食大麻会使智商下降个百分点，而与之相比，经常使用电子文本信息造成的智力衰减率更加严重。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。

　　关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。

　　惠普科技公司委托进行的研究结果表明，信息狂躁主要表现在成年人身上，尤其是成年男性。

　　造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作时，“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。

　　报告中说，因为工人们的虚弱，他们失去了中断业务会议和打断社会收款的生产率。

　　该报告还补充说大脑很难同时应付许多难题，其整体效率会降低。此外，虽然现代科技可以给予我们巨大的帮助，但过多地使用科技也会给人们的大脑和社会生活带来危害。

　　此外，信息狂躁对同事也有负面影响，增加他们的压力和敌对情绪。90％的被调查者认为在面对面会议时回电子邮件是非常无礼的行为。但是三分之一的英国人不仅可以接受这种行为，而且觉得这样做说明自己工作勤奋、高效。

　　伦敦大学的心理学家Glenn Wilson博士正在做一个名为“这是一个真实的的普遍现象”的研究项目，信息狂躁对智商的影响是其中的一个部分。他说：“如果不进行检查控制，信息狂躁将会降低员工的精神敏感度，进而影响其工作效率。所以，公司应提倡一种更加平衡的适当的工作方式。”

　　[b]二、重点单词：[/b]

　　1、text　 v.发送短信（文字讯息）[新词意]

　　2、tap on 　vt.在……上轻敲，轻拍

　　3、knock up 　v. （使）筋疲力尽， （使）累垮

　　4、label　 vt.贴标签于，指……为，分类，标注

　　5、deprivation　 n.剥夺[动词为deprive vt.剥夺，使丧失]

　　6、be equivalent to　相等[当]于……，等（同）于，与……等效

　　7、commission 　vt.委任，任命，委托，委托制作

　　　　　　　　　 n.委任，委托，代办（权），代理（权），犯（罪），佣金

　　8、attribute to 　v.归因于

　　9、cope with　 v.与……竞争，应付

　　10、while 　conj.虽然，尽管

　　例句：While the grandparents love the children， they are strict with them.

　　虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。

　　11、dissenting　 adj. （=dissentient）不同意的

　　12、poll　 v.投票，获得选票，选举中获得

　　13、face-to-face　 adv.面对面地

　　14、unchecked　 adj.未受制止的，未经检查的，未加抑制的

　　15、appropriate 　adj.适当的

[b][color=red]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习十:The myth behind China as a high-tech Goliath?[/color][/b]

[b]The myth behind China as a high-tech Goliath?[/b]

　　Having become workshop to the world, is China poised to storm the bastions of its high-technology industries? Thanks partly to foreign expansion by Huawei, telecommunications equipment maker, and a few other Chinese companies, the idea is starting to be taken seriously abroad above all in the US, ever jealous of its technological pre-eminence.

　　Some commentators predict China may rival US information technology leadership in only a decade. Its scientific achievements also provoke awe. Stephen Minger, a stem-cell scientist who led a UK fact-finding mission to China last year, says he was stunned by the sophistication of its medical research and laboratories.

　　Since the late 1980s, the number of science and engineering doctorates awarded in China has exploded. It now has more researchers than Japan. Its annual research and development spending, though still well below US levels, is rising five times faster, while the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development says China's biggest exports are now high-tech products. But those dazzling statistics mask an often more mundane reality. The bulk of China's high-tech exports are actually low-margin commodity products such as personal computers and DVD players, assembled from imported components that account for most of their value.

　　In contrast to the home-grown IT industries of Japan and South Korea, two-thirds or more of those exports are from partly or wholly foreign-owned plants. China's state-owned companies spend relatively little on R&D and have almost no international brands or distribution networks, a drawback acknowledged by Lenovo's purchase of IBM's barely profitable PC business.

　　Ah, say the China-boosters, but all that is mere prologue. China's abundant cheap brainpower, energy and determination to succeed make it only a matter of time before it grows into a formidable knowledge economy. Again, appearances may deceive. R&D effort is only a rather crude measure of input. Its economic value depends on the quality of output and how it is commercialized. On both counts, China still has much to prove.

　　Its engineers' high calibre and low cost have spurred western companies such as General Electric and International Business Machines to set up laboratories there. But China's state-owned enterprises seem less adroit at exploiting those assets. The OECD last year gave most SOEs low marks for innovation and for training and organizing researchers. McKinsey, the management consultancy, says China's software industry lags behind India's, because of its fragmented structure and poor management. That may change as more foreign-trained IT engineers with business experience return from abroad. However, they face big barriers to disseminating technology across industry. Not only are foreign companies operating in China increasingly careful to keep core technologies to themselves but Chinese companies collaborate little with each other or with universities.

　　Weak intellectual property laws, long assailed by western companies, are also a self-inflicted handicap because they provide no rewards for innovation. China's international patent applications, though growing, are still less than 1 percent of the total filed in the US and Europe. And while start-up companies abound in China, they are poorly supported by its financial system. Its bigger banks favour lending to state-owned industries;venture capital is in its infancy, and the country's immature equity market fails to offer the dependable exit route demanded by sophisticated early-stage investors.

　　That compels many company founders to rely on funds raised from relatives. Some management gurus believe China's model of family-based capitalism is a shaky foundation for enduring corporate structures. Japan's Kenichi Ohmae says his successful Chinese friends care more about getting rich quickly than creating world-beating businesses.

　　Historians puzzle over why, for 500 years after inventing gunpowder, China invented so little else. No country, of course, is bound to repeat history, and China has shed centuries of insularity to embrace foreign investment, trade and technology. But whether its future is as a high-tech powerhouse in its own right or as the world's biggest branch-plant economy remains an open question.

　　[b]一、参考译文：[/b]

　　中国将成为高科技巨人

　　在成为世界工厂之后，中国是否已做好准备对本国的高科技行业发起强攻？部分由于电信设备制造商华为（Huawei）和其它一些中国公司的海外扩张，其它国家已开始认真考虑上述想法，特别是美国，因为它向来唯恐失去自己的科技领先地位。

　　一些评论家预言，不出10年，中国就能挑战美国在信息技术（IT）领域的领袖地位。中国的科学成就也令人敬畏。干细胞科学家史蒂芬？明格（Stephen Minger）去年曾率领一个英国的实地考察团去中国访问，他说，中国的医学研究和实验室如此先进成熟，令他大吃一惊。

　　自上世纪80年代以来，中国被授予理工科博士头衔的人数量激增。中国的研究人员数量现已超过日本。中国每年的研发支出仍大大低于美国的水平，但增长速度却比美国快5倍以上，同时经济合作与发展组织（OECD）表示，中国现在出口最多的是高科技产品。但这些耀眼的统计数字掩饰了一个通常不那么出色的现实。中国大部分“高科技”出口品实际上都是低利润率的大宗商品，比如个人电脑和DVD播放机等，它们由进口的零件组装而成，这些零件占据了大部分的产品价值。

　　与日本及韩国土生土长的IT行业相反，中国三分之二或以上的IT出口品都是外商合资或独资的工厂制造。中国的国有企业在研发方面的支出相当少，而且几乎没有国际品牌和分销网络。联想收购国际商用机器公司（IBM）几乎不盈利的个人电脑业务，就是对这一缺陷的承认。

　　看好中国的人则说，啊，但这一切只是个开头。中国有着丰富而廉价的人才资源和能源，以及取得成功的决心，因此中国成长为令人生畏的“知识经济体”只是个时间问题。此外，表面现象不足信。研发只是对投入的一个相当粗浅的衡量标准，其经济价值取决于产出的质量和商品化方式。对这两种说法，中国都还需要好好证明。

　　中国的工程师水平高，成本低，这已促使通用电气（GE）和IBM等西方企业在华设立实验室。但中国的国有企业似乎不那么善于利用这些资产。在创新、培训和组织研究人员方面，经合组织（OECD）去年给大多数中国国有企业的评分都很低。管理咨询公司麦肯锡（McKinsey）表示，中国的软件业落后于印度，原因就是中国软件企业结构松散、管理不善。随着更多受过海外培训、又有实践经验的IT工程师回到中国，这一状况可能会改变。但他们面临巨大的障碍，无法在整个行业传播技术。不仅是在华经营的外国公司越来越小心，对核心技术秘而不宣，中国企业与企业、企业与大学之间也极少进行合作。

　　中国的知识产权法规薄弱，这点长期遭到西方公司的攻击，也成为中国自我造成的障碍，因为薄弱的法规没有为创新提供回报。中国的国际专利申请数量虽然在增加，但仍不到美国和欧洲专利申请总数的1%.另外，虽然在中国有大量初创企业，但中国的金融体系对这些企业支持不足。在中国，较大的银行喜欢贷款给国有行业，风险投资还处在萌芽阶段，而中国不成熟的股票市场也无法为精明的初期投资者提供可靠的退出渠道。

　　这迫使许多公司创建者依靠从亲戚那里筹措的资金。一些管理大师认为，在形成持久的公司结构方面，中国的家族式资本主义模式无法充当稳固的基石。日本的大前研一（Kenichi Ohmae）表示，他那些获得成功的中国朋友们更关心快速致富，而不是打造举世无双的企业。

　　在发明火药后的500年间，中国几乎没有什么新发明，历史学家对此感到困惑不解。当然，没有哪个国家一定要重复历史，并且中国也已摆脱了数个世纪的闭关自守，而向外国投资、贸易和技术展开了怀抱。但中国未来将凭借自身能力成为一个高科技强国，还是会成为全球最大的分支工厂经济体，这仍是个谜。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　1、Goliath 　　n. [圣经]被牧羊人大卫杀死的Philistine的巨人

　　2、be poised to　　随时准备着做

　　3、preeminence　 　n.卓越

　　4、rival 　　v.竞争，对抗，相匹敌；n.竞争者，对手

　　5、provoke 　　vt.激怒，挑拨，煽动，惹起，驱使

　　6、stun 　　vt.使晕倒，使惊吓，打晕；n.晕眩，打昏，惊倒

　　7、account for 　　v.占

　　8、in contrast to　　和……形成对比

　　9、prologue 　　n.序言

　　10、deceive 　　v.欺骗，行骗

　　11、spur 　　v.鞭策，刺激，疾驰，驱策

　　12、disseminate 　　v.散布

　　13、collaborate with 　　v.合作，与敌人合作，通敌

　　14、self-inflicted 　　adj.自己造成的

　　15、venture capital 　　n.风险资本

　　16、compel 　　vt.强迫，迫使

　　17、be bound to　　一定要

　　18、shed 　　vt.摆脱

　　19、embrace 　　vt.拥抱

　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习十一：Cancer Drug Repository Program Act[/b][/color]

　　A diagnosis of cancer is initially devastating to a family. So many unanswered questions： Will there the pain， physical changes and how can I cope if lose my loved one？ The last question a family needs to ask at this time is how can I afford the treatment. This the heartfelt sentiment of Sen. Vicki McDonald with the Cancer Drug Repository Program Act， LB756， introduced in the new legislative session. The purpose of the bill is to allow families with unused cancer medications to donate them to a pharmacy， hospital or nonprofit medical clinic. The medications would be inspected and reissued to another cancer patient.

　　Even so， because of the exacting standards of medical practice that ate necessary to protect patients， we have serious reservations about the McDonald bill. The proposal requires medications to be in their original， sealed， tamper evident， unit-dose packaging. An exception allows the packaging to be opened， but the unit dose seal must still be intact. Medications accepted into the program must also have an expiration date longer than six months away.

　　The Department of Health and Human Services is charged with setting up the program， establishing the criteria for inspecting the drugs， determining what medications will be accepted and the maximum handling fee a dispensing facility can charge. The bill also requires the person receiving the medication to sign a form releasing liability to the dispensing facility， state， manufacturer， etc.， for potentially altered medications. This sounds like a compassionate， caring method of helping one aspect of coping with cancer. Then again， would the benefit of such a program outweigh the risk to even one patient whose medication was not effective because it sat in a hot car for a length of time and the potency had diminished？

　　LB756 is an admirable attempt for donation of expensive medications back to cancer patients. In reality， however， few pharmacies will be able to maintain the paperwork process required in this bill. In addition， few local pharmacies handle chemotherapy medication distribution.

　　Patient safety is a priority in most health care professional''s practice. The thought of dispensing a medication where the handling of it could not be tracked violates the rules of a safe， professional practice. Cancer patients tend to be some of our most vulnerable patients. Many times their immune systems are severely compromised from the cancer medications and treatment. Even a slight error or alteration of their medication could have a devastating， negative effect. The Cancer Drug Repository Act has the best intentions of these patients in mind to help meet the financial burden of cancer treatment. Even the best intentions， however， are not always the right thing to do.

　　[b]一、全文翻译[/b]

　　家庭的某个成员被诊断患有癌症之后对这个家庭来说无异于灾难。有很多未知的问题：是否会有疼痛及体质的变化，如果失去所爱的人我又该如何面对？一个家庭要问的最终一个问题是：是否负担得起医疗费。这是参议员McDonald对于“癌症药物积存项目法案，LB756”的由衷感受。这一法案已被纳入新的立法程序。这项草案的目的是让那些拥有尚未使用的癌症药物的家庭，将那些药物捐献给药店、医院或非盈利性质的诊所，待药物被检查以后重新给其他癌症病人使用。

　　即使如此，因为用来保护病人的医疗标准极其严格，我们对McDonald提出的草案持严肃的保留意见。建议中要求药物须原封不动，没有人用过，分剂量单位包装。一种特殊情况是：包装可以被打开，但是，各剂量单位包装必须是原封不动。另外，此项目可接收的药物至少还要有六个月以上的有效期。

　　卫生和公共事业部门负责设立该项目，确立审查药物的标准，决定什么样的药物可以被接受，以及分配机构最多可收取的手续费。草案同时提出，接受药物的人要填写一个表格，表示如果发生用药改变，分发机构、国家和制药商将不负责任。这个立法听起来是种富有同情心的、人道的帮助患者治疗癌症的方法。同时再次要提出的是，如果一个病人只因将药物放在高温的车内持续了一段时间，使药的效力降低而致使药物起不到应有的作用的话，那么这个项目还会是利多弊少吗？

　　“癌症药物积存法”是将昂贵的癌症药物捐赠给癌症患者的一种值得赞赏的尝试。然而在实际中，很少有药店能够一直维持这项草案中所提出的进行书面记录的要求；而且，很少会有当地的药店分销这些化学疗法药物。

　　在多数医护行业，病人的安全是头等重要的事情，分发某种药物而不能追溯其如何处理的这种做法，违背了职业操作的安全规范。癌症病人通常是最容易受到伤害的病人之一，癌症药物和治疗经常严重危及他们的免疫系统，即使是用药过程中犯一个小错误和稍微改变用药，也可能带来灾难性的反作用。“癌症药物积存法”表达了人们想帮助这些病人的良好意愿，减少他们在治疗癌症过程中的经济负担，然而最良好的意愿不一定就意味着这是最正确的事情。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　diagnosis n.诊断

　　initially ad.起初，开始

　　session n.（一届）会议；一段时间

　　donate vt.捐赠，捐献

　　reservation n.保留；预定

　　intact a.原封不动的，未经触动的

　　expiration n.到期；呼吸

　　dispense vi.分配，分发

　　potentially ad.潜在地

　　potency n.药力，力量

　　chemotherapy n.化学疗法

　　priority n.优先权；优先的事情

　　vulnerable a.易受攻击的，脆弱的

　　immune a.免疫的，不受影响的

　　alteration n.改变，变更

　　negative a.负面的；消极的

　　[b]三、重点句子[/b]

　　1. The purpose of…patient.

　　[译文]这项草案的目的是让那些拥有尚未使用的癌症药物的家庭，将那些药物捐献给药店、医院或非盈利性质的诊所，待药物被检查以后重新给其他癌症病人使用。

　　2. Even so， because of the exacting…bill.

　　[译文]即使如此，因为用来保护病人的医疗标准极其严格，我们对McDonald提出的草案持严肃的保留意见。

　　3. The proposal requires…away.

　　[译文]建议中要求药物须原封不动，没有人用过，分剂量单位包装。一种特殊情况是：包装可以被打开，但是，各剂量单位包装必须是原封不动。另外，此项目可接收的药物至少还要有六个月以上的有效期。

　　4. Then again…diminished？

　　[译文]同时再次要提出的是，如果一个病人只因将药物放在高温的车内持续了一段时间，使药的效力降低而致使药物起不到应有的作用的话，那么这个项目还会是利多弊少吗？

　　5. Cancer patients…effect.

　　[译文]癌症病人通常是最容易受到伤害的病人之一，癌症药物和治疗经常严重危及他们的免疫系统，即使是用药过程中犯一个小错误和稍微改变用药，也可能带来灾难性的反作用。

　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习十二：高价油还是问题吗？[/b][/color]

　　[b]Is high oil price still a problem？[/b]

　　Many people thought the problem of high oil prices should have gone away by now. Either a reduction in the terrorism premium，a withdrawal of speculative money，a slowdown in Chinese demand or an increase in Opec（the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries）production should have reduced the crude price to more normal levels.

　　But here we are again with US crude oil futures nudging $53 a barrel. Adnan Shihab-Eldin，Opec''s acting secretary-general，even said yesterday that the price could hit $80 if a major supply disruption were to occur.

　　The recent spike has been associated with cold weather in Europe and the US north-east，and some brief disruptions at US refineries yesterday. Gasoline prices also surged to a record high on Wednesday after some disappointing US inventory numbers.

　　But Jeffrey Currie，the Goldman Sachs analyst，says the spike has its origins in the recent improvement in economic data which saw the global leading indicator turn up for the first time in 10 months. That brought speculative interest back into many commodity prices.

　　Currie says many speculators had got out of commodity positions in the third and fourth quarters of 2004 and were short（betting on a price fall）early this year. The change in their position quickly added $3-$4 a barrel to the crude price.

　　Although Opec might be tempted to increase production，Currie says the oil price is more of a refinery problem than a production problem. Refineries lack the excess capacity to absorb the kind of oil Opec produces.

　　Of particular interest to investors will be the effect of higher oil on asset prices. Last year，spikes in oil prices coincided with falls in bond yields. Investors were clearly reasoning that crude would act as a tax on consumer demand. But this time round，the spike has been accompanied by a jump in US 10 year Treasury bond yields from 4 to 4.4 per cent.

　　Perhaps investors have decided that the economy is less vulnerable to high oil prices than it was in the past，given that last year's $50 plus peak was accompanied by rapid output growth. Or perhaps investors are now starting to worry that high commodity prices might，after all，be a sign of more general inflationary pressures.

　　[b]一、全文翻译[/b]

　　高价油还是问题吗？

　　很多人以为高油价现在已不再是问题。恐怖主义溢价减少、投机资金撤出，中国需求放缓或欧佩克产量增加，这些因素应已把原油价格降低至更“正常”的水平。

　　但是，我们再次看到美国原油期货触及每桶53美元高点。欧佩克代理秘书长阿德南？谢哈布-埃尔丁（Adnan Shihab-Eldin）昨天甚至说，如果供应出现大规模中断，油价可能会升至80美元。

　　近期油价上涨与欧洲和美国东北天气寒冷，以及美国炼油厂昨天出现的短暂生产中断有关。由于美国库存数据令人失望，周三汽油价格也飙升至创纪录高点。

　　但高盛（Goldman Sachs）分析师杰弗里?科里（Jeffrey Currie）说，油价上涨的根源在于近期经济数据有所改善，后者表明全球领先指数在10个月中首次掉头向上。这使得投机兴趣回到很多大宗商品价格上。

　　科里表示，很多投机者在2004年第三和第四季度已结清大宗商品交易头寸，在今年年初开始做空（下注赌价格下跌）。头寸变化迅速使原油价格上涨3至4美元。

　　尽管欧佩克也许会受到高油价诱惑而增产，科里表示，油价“更多的是一个炼油问题而不是生产问题。一些炼油厂缺少过剩产能来吸收欧佩克增产的那些油。”

　　令投资者特别感兴趣的是，油价上涨对资产价格带来的影响。去年，油价飞涨与债券收益率下跌同时发生。当时投资者显然在推断，原油将令消费者需求下降。但这一次，在油价上涨的同时，美国10年期国债收益率从4%升到了4.4%.也许投资者的判断是，现在油价对经济的打击将比过去要小，因为去年油价升至50美元以上的高位时，石油产量迅速增加。或者投资者现在开始担心，大宗商品的高价格毕竟可能是更大范围通胀压力的一个信号。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　speculative 　adj.投机的

　　disruption　n.中断，分裂，瓦解，破坏

　　refinery 　n.精炼厂

　　inventory　 n.详细目录，存货，财产清册，总量

　　commodity　 n.日用品

　　coincidence　 n.一致，相合，同时发生或同时存在（尤指偶然）的事

　　accompany 　vt.陪伴，伴奏

　　vulnerable　 adj.易受攻击的，易受……的攻击

　　inflationary 　adj.通货膨胀的，通货膨胀倾向的

楼主每次都有人帮助
不过这些英语看的我头真的很大,比平时要大很多
我要去睡一会了
明天起来再接着看
考研的同志们加油吧

好贴

不错 顶下

　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习十三:英美大学留学生人数骤跌[/b][/color]

　　[b]Overseas students shun UK and US universities[/b]

　　The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia,Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations,according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.

　　The latest edition of Education at a Glance,an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education,in relative terms their position is weakening.

　　The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3,while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members,falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.

　　The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.

　　The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003,an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.

　　According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states,northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.

　　The report also concluded that despite continued,if uneven,growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities,the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.

　　Andreas Schleicher,head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education,said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.

　　Assessing the performance of the world''s schools,Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.

　　[b]一、全文翻译[/b]

　　[b]英美大学留学生人数骤跌[/b]

　　据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。

　　最新版《各国教育概观》（Education at A Glance）显示，尽管由于英美两国以英语教学，且教育质量明显较高，外国学生继续被这两个国家所吸引，但相对而言，两国的地位在下降。该报告是经合组织（OECD）公布的年度教育审计报告。

　　总部位于巴黎的经合组织报告说，美国的市场份额2002至2003年下降了2%，而英国在经合组织成员国中降幅最大，已从1998年16.2%的份额降至2003年的13.5%.

　　该报告采用数据的最近年度是2003年，因此该数据并没有将今年的情况包括在内，今年留学英国的中国学生人数减少了21.3%.英国正日益依赖欧盟以外学生支付的更高学费，使英国大学能够继续招收国内学生。

　　2003年海外留学生总人数为210万，自1998年以来每年平均增长8.3%.

　　根据这篇报告，自2001年9月11日的事件以来，美国大学校园里国际学生的构成发生了惊人变化。来自海湾地区各国、北非以及某些东南亚国家的学生人数减少了10%至37%.

　　报告还得出结论，尽管富国大学的毕业生人数仍在持续（或许不均匀地）增长，学位的经济价值丝毫没有贬值的迹象。

　　经合组织教育指标和分析部负责人安德里亚?施莱歇尔（Andreas Schleicher）说，没有证据显示，学位资格在劳动力市场上的价值正发生“膨胀”，毕业生收入可以期望比那些没有学位的人高出许多。

　　在评估全球学校的表现时，施莱歇尔先生说，亚洲正在“急剧上升”，欧洲保持原有水准，而南美洲则相对有所滑坡。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　destination　 n.目的地， [计]目的文件，目的单元格

　　perceive 　vt.察觉

　　reliant　 adj.信赖的，依靠的，信赖自己的

　　domestic　 adj.家庭的，国内的，与人共处的，驯服的

　　complexion 　n.面色，肤色，情况，局面

　　despite　 prep.不管，尽管，不论

　　tarnish　 v.失去光泽

　　indicator　 n.指示器， [化]指示剂

　　inflation 　n.胀大，夸张，通货膨胀， （物价）暴涨

　　soaring　 adj.高飞的，翱翔的

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　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读练习十四:联合国报告警告减贫可能无法达标[/b][/color]

　　
　　[b]UN report warns poverty goals likely to be missed[/b]

　　The infant death rate for African Americans in Washington DC is higher than that in the cities of the Indian state of Kerala, the United Nations has warned as part of a damning review of poverty and inequality around the world.

　　Published ahead of next week''s summit in New York to review progress in meeting goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015, the UN''s human development report says: US health indicators are far below those that might be expected on the basis of national wealth.

　　The report, published by the United Nations Development Programme （UNDP）, says the outcome is due partly to persistent and extreme disparities between people from different social and ethnic groups, as shown by recent images of poor black people stranded in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina.

　　The findings reflect a new focus by the UN upon differences within countries as well as between countries, as policymakers try to think of new ways to achieve the millennium development goals （MDGs）, agreed in 2000.

　　India and China, which have both enjoyed sustained economic growth, face worrying challenges. There are worrying indications that social progress is starting to lag behind economic performance, with the slowdown in the rate of reduction in child deaths a special concern.

　　The UN notes that China spends 5 per cent of its GDP on health, but public spending now amounts to less than 2 per cent of GDP.

　　The erosion of public funding, it says, has resulted in a mismatch between need and provision, with per capita spending in urban areas 3.5 times that in rural areas.

　　Between 70 and 80 per cent of the rural population have no health insurance. Children living in the poorest parts of rural China face far greater health risks, and the gap is widening. The mortality rate for under-five-year-olds ranges from 8 per 1,000 in Beijing （comparable to the US）, to 60 in the poorest parts of Gui zhou （comparable to Namibia）.

　　[b]一、参考译文[/b]

　　联合国警告说，美国首都华盛顿特区非裔美国人的婴儿死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。该警告是联合国评估世界各地贫穷和不平等现象报告的一部分，联合国对这些现象表示强烈不满。

　　这份报告指出：“美国的健康指标远远低于根据国家富裕程度所预期的水平。”此前联合国曾制定目标，希望到2015年将极端贫困人口减半。下周联合国将在纽约召开峰会，回顾实现这一目标的进展。在峰会前，联合国发表了这份人类发展报告。

　　联合国开发计划署（UNDP）发布的这份报告表示，这种结果部分是由于不同的社会群体和族裔群体之间存在着“持久的”和“极端的”不平等。最近美国新奥尔良的贫穷黑人因飓风卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了这一点。

　　该报告的结论反映了联合国在贫困问题上的新的关注焦点：不仅关注国家之间的不平等，而且也关注国家内部的不平等。目前，各国的政策制定者试图想出新方法，以实现2000年达成的千年发展目标（MDGs）。

　　印度和中国经济持续增长，但也面临令人担忧的挑战。联合国的这份报告说：“有令人担心的迹象表明，社会发展正开始落后于经济表现，儿童死亡率下降速度放缓尤为令人担心。”

　　联合国指出，中国花费国内生产总值的5%用于健康医疗，但公共支出目前占国内生产总值的比例不足2%.

　　报告称，公共资金被侵蚀，已导致“需求和供给之间的错配”，城市人均支出是农村地区的3.5倍。

　　70%和80%之间的农村人口没有医疗保险。居住在中国农村最贫困地区的儿童面临更大的健康风险，并且城乡差距在扩大。举例来说，在北京，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之八（与美国相当），但在贵州最贫困的地区，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之六十（与纳米比亚相当）。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　Infant 　n.婴儿，幼儿

　　Inequality 　n.不平等，不同，不等式，不平均， （表面）不平坦（用复数）

　　Indicatory　 adj.指示的，表示的

　　outcome 　n.结果，成果

　　persistent　 adj.持久稳固的

　　extreme 　adj.尽头的，极端的，极度的，偏激的，最后的

　　　　　　　n.极端，极端的事物

　　ethnic　 adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

　　millennium 　n.太平盛世，一千年

　　concern　 vt.涉及，关系到

　　erosion 　n.腐蚀，侵蚀

　　provision 　n.供应， （一批）供应品，预备，防备，规定

　　insurance 　n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费

　　mortality　 n.死亡率

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　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读十五:中国钢铁增产打压全球钢铁企业股价[/b][/color]

　　[b]Chinese output set to depress steel valuations[/b]

　　Steel company valuations are poised for a fall as increased Chinese output is cutting its reliance on imported supplies.

　　China, for long the main driver of surging demand, is making more of its own steel, causing a potential excess of supply in other parts of the world.

　　Shares in BlueScope, Australia''s biggest steel company, dropped 15 per cent on Friday after it warned that profits this year would drop sharply due to higher steel production from China spilling into world markets, especially in Asia.

　　Shares in ThyssenKrupp of Germany fell, along with other steel companies such as the Anglo-Dutch Corus and Luxembourg''s Arcelor, as investors reasoned that the BlueScope warning could have repercussions for steelmakers globally.

　　Last month Ulrich Middelmann, deputy chairman of ThyssenKrupp was complaining about the high price of many metals companies.

　　Now, however, he may be cheered by the fact that some of the steelmakers he might be keen to purchase would soon start to look more affordable.

　　After a recent spate of consolidation in the industry, many steelmakers are looking at acquisitions.

　　Large groups such as Arcelor and Mittal Steel have snapped up smaller companies to give themselves more power to dictate prices.

　　After doubling in many markets in the previous three years, average prices for steel fell in the first six months of this year. However, they have edged up in recent weeks, helped by an increase in manufacturers'' stocks in the US.

　　That trend now looks almost certain to go into reverse in the next six months, even though the fall in prices seems unlikely to be dramatic.

　　The biggest culprit for the likely price decline is higher production in China which is not being matched by stronger internal demand. As a result, according to CRU, net imports into China of steel sheet an important indicator for the industry will fall from 23m tonnes in 2003 to 6.5m tonnes next year and 4.2m tonnes in 2007.

　　The likely fall in steel exports from other countries into China does not look all that great but it promises to be enough to influence global pricing trends.

　　[color=blue][b]一、参考译文[/b][/color]

　　全球钢铁企业的市值将出现下降，因为中国钢铁产量不断增加，令其正在减少对进口供应的依赖。

　　长期以来，中国一直是钢铁需求飙升的主要推动力，但目前中国自己生产的钢铁增多，导致世界其它地区可能出现供应过剩。

　　澳大利亚最大钢铁公司BlueScope的股价周五下挫15%，此前由于中国钢铁产量上升已影响全球市场，尤其是亚洲市场，公司警告今年利润将急剧下降。

　　德国的蒂森克虏伯（ThyssenKrupp）股票与英荷哥鲁氏（Anglo-Dutch Corus）、卢森堡阿塞洛（Arcelor）等企业股票的价格相继下跌，因为投资者认为，BlueScope的预警可能会对全球钢铁业产生影响。

　　蒂森克虏伯副董事长乌尔里希？米德曼（Ulrich Middelmann）上月抱怨说，许多金属企业价格很高。

　　但眼下他或许会对一个事实感到高兴：不久后，他可能很想收购的一些钢铁生产商，会开始看上去价格更便宜、更能让人承受。

　　在近期的钢铁行业整合大潮后，许多钢铁制造商正在考虑收购。

　　阿塞洛和米塔尔钢铁（Mittal Steel）等大型集团已收购一些较小的企业，以使自己得到更大的定价能力。

　　许多市场的钢铁均价在过去3年里上涨了一倍，而今年上半年价格则出现下跌。但最近几周，受美国制造商存货增加的推动，该价格又有所回升。

　　现在看来，该趋势在今后6个月里几乎肯定会反转，尽管价格的下跌似乎不可能很剧烈。

　　造成这种价格可能下跌的最大原因，是中国产量的上升，但该国的内需没有相应增加。结果，根据英国商品研究所（CRU）的数据，中国钢板净进口从2003年的2300万吨，将降至明年的650万吨，到2007年预计将降至420万吨。钢板净进口是钢铁行业的一个重要指标。

　　其它国家对华钢铁出口可能下降，虽然降幅看上去不会如此之大，但看来足以影响全球定价趋势。

　　[color=blue][b]二、重点词汇[/b][/color]

　　valuation　 n.估价，评价，计算

　　surging 　n.浪涌，冲击

　　potential 　adj.潜在的，可能的，势的，位的

　　　　　　 n.潜能，潜力，电压

　　reasoned 　adj.详尽论述的，理由充分的

　　purchase　 vt.买，购买

　　　　　　　n.买，购买

　　consolidation 　n.巩固，合并

　　acquisition 　n.获得，获得物

　　dictate 　v.口述，口授，使听写，指令，指示，命令，规定

　　　　　　n.指示（指理智，变心）

　　dramatic 　adj.戏剧性的，生动的

　　influence 　n.影响，感化，势力，有影响的人（或事）， （电磁）感应

　　　　　　　vt.影响，改变

英语成绩不是一天两天就能提高的,尤其阅读部分,多谢楼主为我们提供了这么多考研阅读相关的题材.

　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读十六:全球手机音乐铃声市场萎缩[/b][/color]

　　[b]Ringtones no longer ringing the tills[/b]

　　The days of making easy money from ringtones short clips of music for mobile phones are over.

　　What has been a hugely profitable business is coming under pressure from a narrowing of the craze to a smaller group of mostly younger people, a shift in the nature of ringtones themselves, and growing competition among distributors.

　　In the UK and other European countries, where the fad first took hold, many of the people who once paid￡2 （$3.5） or more for a 10-second clip have given up buying ringtones, said Chris Jones, an analyst at Canalys, a technology industry consultancy： People were doing it because it was a new thing to do. That has worn off with a big part of the market. In the US, where the business is at a much earlier stage, the craze appears to have stalled even before it has reached a mass market. Only about one in 10 mobile subscribers is buying ringtones. That is the same proportion as a year ago, according to InfoSpace, a US ringtone company that claims 47 percent of the US market, though it adds that reliable statistics about the market are difficult to come by.

　　At the same time, the new band of distributors that sprang up to sell ringtones is finding the fat profits much harder to come by. Users are starting to switch away from the familiar polyphonic renditions of famous tunes to short clips of the original music known in the industry as truetones or realtones.

　　Most of the profits from these go straight to the record labels, not the middlemen who made a killing from earlier, cruder versions.

　　[b]一、参考译文[/b]

　　靠一小段手机音乐铃声轻松赚钱的日子已经过去了。

　　这一迄今利润丰厚的业务正面临压力，原因包括：对铃声狂热的群体在缩小，目前多数是年纪比较小的人；铃声的性质发生了变化；以及经销商之间的竞争日益加剧。

　　高科技行业咨询公司Canalys分析师克里斯?琼斯（Chris Jones）说，英国和其它欧洲国家是手机铃声热潮的发源地，这里的许多年轻人此前曾为了一段10秒钟的铃声花上2英镑（合3.5美元）或更多钱，现在他们不再购买铃声。“人们当时这么做，是因为它是个新鲜事物。现在人们对此兴趣逐渐淡薄，很大一块市场随之消失。”在美国，手机铃声业务还处在相当初级的阶段，铃声热潮甚至在席卷大众市场前就已停滞不前。仅有十分之一的手机用户在购买音乐铃声。美国手机铃声公司InfoSpace称，这一比例与一年前相同，尽管它补充指出，难以取得关于这一市场的可靠数据。InfoSpace据称占据美国47%的铃声市场。

　　同时，出现一批新的铃声经销商，它们正逐渐发现，现在要实现高额利润比以前难多了。用户从熟悉的著名曲子的“和弦”演奏转向原版的音乐短片断，后者在业内称为“真实铃声”（truetone）或“原音铃声”（realtone）。

　　来自这些铃声的大部分利润直接进了唱片公司的口袋，而不是中间商。此前这些中间商依靠比较粗糙的铃声赚了一大笔钱。

　　[b]二、重点词汇[/b]

　　clip　  n.夹子，回形针，子弹夹

　　　　　vt.夹住，剪短，修剪

　　profitable　 adj.有利可图的

　　distributor　 n.发行人

　　analyst　 n.分析家，分解者

　　consultancy 　n.顾问（工作）

　　subscriber 　n.订户，签署者，捐献者

　　proportion　 n.比例，均衡，面积，部分

　　　　　　　 vt.使成比例，使均衡，分摊

　　polyphonic　 adj.有许多声音的，对位法的，复调的

　　rendition 　n.表演，演唱，翻译

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　　[color=red][b]考研网校复习专区英语阅读十七:中国抑制经济过热初见成效[/b][/color]

　　[b]China reins in economic expansion[/b]

　　China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August, providing firm evidence that the government''s tightening measures were reining in the country''s rapid economic expansion.

　　 Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago, a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004. M2, the broad indicator for money supply, rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June.

　　China''s economy has been growing at a record pace, expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter. Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.

　　The latest economic data, which were released by Qiu Xiaohua, commissioner of China''s National Bureau of Statistics, suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.

　　Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth. Since late April, China''s central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements. Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn （$28.3bn） in its regular open market operations.

　　Su Ning, the deputy central bank governor, said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country''s money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.

　　At the same time, China''s leaders are trying to control unnecessary production - for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel, cement and automobiles.

　　Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects, including residences, offices and industrial parks, and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.

　　While trying to temper credit and investment growth, Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending, since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.

　　China''s statistics body said August retail sales were up 13.8 per cent, a rate consistent with that of the previous two months. Demand for oil products, jewellery, automobiles and building has been particularly strong.

　　[b]一、参考译文：[/b]

　　8月份中国固定资产投资及货币供应量增长速度明显放缓，这有力地证明，政府的紧缩举措，正在抑制中国经济的迅速扩张。

　　8月份，中国城市固定资产投资较上年同期增长21.5%，与1至7月份期间30.5%的扩张速度相比，有明显放缓；同时也是自2004年12月以来，单月增幅最低的一个月。广义货币供应量M2上月增长17.9%，而7月份和6月份的增幅均为18.4%.

　　中国经济一直在以创纪录的速度增长，第二季度的增幅为11.3%.中国政府官员和许多经济学家担心，长远而言，这样的增长速度难以维持。

　　中国国家统计局（National Bureau of Statistics）局长邱晓华发布的最新经济数据显示，中国政府能够控制对房地产等行业的过渡放贷和投资，这些行业尤其存在过热风险。

　　中国政府正通过货币和行政调控手段相结合的方式，努力缓和经济增长。自4月底以来，中国央行已两度上调基准贷款利率和银行存款准备金比率。昨日，央行还在其例行的公开市场操作中，创纪录地完成2250亿元人民币（合283亿美元）的资金回笼工作。

　　本周，中国央行副行长苏宁在北京举行的一个国际会议上表示，由于上述措施，中国的货币供应“明显”放缓。

　　与此同时，中国领导人正试图控制非必要的生产――例如，在钢铁、水泥和汽车等关键行业，限制土地使用权并强制执行各种环保标准。

　　中国政府还对城市地产项目（包括住宅、写字楼和工业园区）上的过度放贷，以及可能由此导致的人为高价和供应过度感到担忧。

　　在努力遏制信贷和投资增长的同时，中国政府还试图刺激消费支出，因为它认为，一个强大的中产阶层，将成为未来经济增长的关键驱动力。

　　中国国家统计局表示，8月份，社会消费品零售总额较上年同期增长13.8%，这一幅度与前两个月持平。石油产品、珠宝、汽车和建筑方面的需求一直特别强劲。

　　[b]二、重点词汇：[/b]

　　investment 　n.投资，可获利的东西

　　evidence 　n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据， [物]证据，证物

　　indicator 　n.指示器， [化]指示剂

　　sustainable 　adj.可以忍受的，足可支撑的，养得起的

　　excessive 　adj.过多的，过分的，额外

　　benchmark　 [计]基准

　　deputy　 n.代理人，代表

　　dramatically 　adv.戏剧地，引人注目地

　　artificially 　adv.人工

　　credit 　n.信任，信用，声望，荣誉， [财务]贷方，银行存款

　　　　　 vt.相信，信任，把……归给

　　previous 　adj.在前的，早先的

　　　　　　 adv.（1）在……以前；（2）返回上一级菜单