2008-1-20 11:42
ky_2@cnedu.cn
2008年考研英语真题及答案（快来对题啊～！）
[b][color=red]完型填空[/color][/b]
The evolution of intelligence
Jun 2nd 2005
Greg Cochran
THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, (a noted scientific iconoclast), is prepared [b]第1题答案为B[/b] to say it anyway. He is that rare [b]第2题答案为D[/b] bird, a scientist who works independently of [b]第3题答案为A[/b] any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously [b]第4题答案为C[/b] thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection.
Even [b]第5题答案为C[/b] he, however, might tremble at the thought[b]第6题答案为A[/b] of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests[b]第7题答案为B[/b] that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question [b]第8题答案为D[/b] are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection.
Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring [b]第9题答案为B[/b] 12-15 points above the mean [b]第10题答案为C[/b] value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately [b]第11题答案为B[/b] to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers [b]第12题答案为D[/b] of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm [b]第13题答案为A[/b]. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however [b]第14题答案为C[/b], have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down [b]第15题答案为D[/b] to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing [b]第16题答案为D[/b] education. The latter was seen as a consequence [b]第17题答案为C[/b] of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively.
Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked [b]第18题答案为A[/b]. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected [b]第19题答案为B[/b] them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical [b]第20题答案[/b]为A state of affairs.
[b][color=red]翻译[/color][/b]
[b][color=#ff0000][/color][/b]
该试题来源于Mayo W. Hazeltine写的一篇关于达尔文“在现代科学中的地位”的学术评论。原文长达8686个[url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/kaoyan/2008-01-19/aaa][color=#000099]英语[/color][/url]词。经过命题专家的改编之后，成为了一篇经典的考研翻译文章。以下是英语原文和今年翻译试题原文的简单比对，以及我给的一个比较合理的译文。大概用了10分钟翻译完，比较马虎，没有详细斟酌，或许还有一点点瑕疵，请大家参考。
in his autobiography. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, [u]but he opines (命题专家改写为believes)that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,[/u]
他相信，正是这种困难或许能够扬长避短，以使他能长时间专注的思考每一个句子；因此，使他能在推理中和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。
or in those of others. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. [u]He protested(命题专家改写为asserts), also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with metaphysics or(命题专家把这两个单词给删除了，使试题不超出大纲) mathematics.[/u]
他还断言，在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的观点上，他的能力受到了局限。有鉴于此，他曾确信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。
His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. [u]On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.[/u]
另一方面，批评家指责他尽管善于观察，但无法推理，对此，他并不接受且认为观点不成立。
This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many [url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/kaoyan/2008-01-19/aaa][color=#000099]able[/color][/url] men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree." [u]He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully[/u]."
他谦卑地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人不容易注意到的东西，更能够对此加以详细地观察”。
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry; I have tried lately to read Shakspeare, and found it so intolerably dull that it nauseated me. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Music generally sets me thinking too energetically of what I have been at work on, instead of giving me pleasure. I retain some taste for fine scenery, but it does not cause me the exquisite delight which it formerly did." [u]Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character,[/u] (命题[color=#000099]专家[/color]改写后截止于此，原文本段落未完)
达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。
by enfeebling the emotional side of one's nature. So far as he could judge, his mind had become in his later years a kind of machine for grinding general laws out of large collections of facts, and that atrophy had taken place in that part of the brain on which the higher aesthetic tastes depend. Curiously enough, however, he retained his relish for novels, and for books on history, biography, and travels.
2008-1-20 11:43
ky_2@cnedu.cn
小作文分析及范文
Part A:
Directions： You just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forget to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1)make an apology, and
2)suggest a solution
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
DO NOT sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.
DO NOT write the address.
参考范文
Dear Bob,
I am a tenant from China who had been living in your house in Canada for two weeks. I am writing the letter to inform you that I wish to extend my sincere apology to you.
First and foremost, I take this opportunity show my heartfelt appreciation to the kind assistance you render me during my stay in Canada. In addition, I borrowed one CD of Beethoven’s symphonies from you in Canada. Unfortunately, when I returned home, I found to my surprise that CD in my personal baggage due to my carelessness.
To solve the problem, I would like to send this CD to you by Express Mail Service. Once again, please accept my sincere apology for any inconveniences I have caused. I hope the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
大作文分析及范文
Part B:
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.
(图略)
文字说明：“你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北。”
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, supporting each other with their powerful hands, two handicapped adolescents are continuing their new journey on the ground. Crutches left behind, they have successfully cracked the hard nut of lameness which might have confused the majority of the disabled. The caption indicates, “You have merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel extensively.”
Undoubtedly, we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist is trying to attract our attention to the issue of cooperation. According to a survey conducted among a group of people who were in the same college class 10 years ago, those who are ready to give their cooperation to others all become rich or managers of all field, while not a single young man having difficulty in getting along with their classmates becomes an executive or boss. Why those who are excellent in team work tend to be managers or own their own enterprise in their later life? The answer seems self-evident. On the one hand, if you are competent in profession, but have difficulty in getting along with your colleagues and even your boss, you can hardly survive the corporation. On the other hand, your chances of success are much higher with wide circle of friends who are willing to cooperate with you to provide information and resources.
It is my view that, first of all, we can frequently use the drawings to enlighten the juvenile to learn to cooperate successfully with each other. On the other hand, whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success. Just as John Adams, the second U.S. president quoted from the ancient Greek Aesop’s Fables, “United we stand, divided we fall.”